Volume 24,Issue 1,1987 Table of Contents
1987, 24(1):1-7.
Abstract:
With vast territory of 9.6 million Km2,China has agri cultural soils covering an area of 1.2×108 ha constituting only about 10% of its total land area.Most parts of its lands are nonagricultural soils including forest soils of 1.22×108 ha,grassland soils of 2.7×108 ha,waster land soils of 1.2×108ha,desert,mountains and others of 3.28×108 ha.Although with so small a percentage of agricultural soils,the agricultural production of the country has continuously and steadily increased due mainly to intensive forming in the country.
With vast territory of 9.6 million Km2,China has agri cultural soils covering an area of 1.2×108 ha constituting only about 10% of its total land area.Most parts of its lands are nonagricultural soils including forest soils of 1.22×108 ha,grassland soils of 2.7×108 ha,waster land soils of 1.2×108ha,desert,mountains and others of 3.28×108 ha.Although with so small a percentage of agricultural soils,the agricultural production of the country has continuously and steadily increased due mainly to intensive forming in the country.
1987, 24(1):8-13.
Abstract:
Composition arid properties of organo-mineral complexes of four cultivated soils(black soils,albic soils,brown earth and soda-solonchaks) were studied by ultrasonic dispersion method.Results showed that the content of <10μ varied greatly with organic matter content in the soils,e.g.,that in black soils was two times as much as that in brown earths and soda-solonchaks.
Composition arid properties of organo-mineral complexes of four cultivated soils(black soils,albic soils,brown earth and soda-solonchaks) were studied by ultrasonic dispersion method.Results showed that the content of <10μ varied greatly with organic matter content in the soils,e.g.,that in black soils was two times as much as that in brown earths and soda-solonchaks.
1987, 24(1):14-17.
Abstract:
Adsorption of sulfate by three red soils carrying variable amounts of electrical charge at constant pH in the pretence of Cl- ions was studied.The hydroxyl ions released from Red earth,lateritic red earth and latosol accounted for only 12%,14% and 20% of the amounts of sulfate adsorbed by the three soils respectively.For a latosol at pH 5.0,the change in electrical charge accounted for 64-82% of the adsorbed sulfate.It is suggested that most of the sulfate was adsorbed through the displacement of coordinated water molecules in the surface of soil particals.
Adsorption of sulfate by three red soils carrying variable amounts of electrical charge at constant pH in the pretence of Cl- ions was studied.The hydroxyl ions released from Red earth,lateritic red earth and latosol accounted for only 12%,14% and 20% of the amounts of sulfate adsorbed by the three soils respectively.For a latosol at pH 5.0,the change in electrical charge accounted for 64-82% of the adsorbed sulfate.It is suggested that most of the sulfate was adsorbed through the displacement of coordinated water molecules in the surface of soil particals.
1987, 24(1):18-26.
Abstract:
The mineralogical composition of a soil catena of dark brown forest soils derived from granite in the Xiao Hinggan Mountains was investigated is relation to weathering proccess under the conditions of warm-cool humid climate and the different relief.It was found the acid eluviation proccess in soils was getting weaker from the upper slope downwards under the bioclimatic condions mentioned above.The minerals were generally weathered in the following sequences:biotite acid-weakly acid dioctahedral Al-(iaterlayer) vermiculite weakly acid-neutral secondary chlorite; plagioclase and microcline weakly acid mectite or interstratified minerals of smectite-kaolinite group.
The mineralogical composition of a soil catena of dark brown forest soils derived from granite in the Xiao Hinggan Mountains was investigated is relation to weathering proccess under the conditions of warm-cool humid climate and the different relief.It was found the acid eluviation proccess in soils was getting weaker from the upper slope downwards under the bioclimatic condions mentioned above.The minerals were generally weathered in the following sequences:biotite acid-weakly acid dioctahedral Al-(iaterlayer) vermiculite weakly acid-neutral secondary chlorite; plagioclase and microcline weakly acid mectite or interstratified minerals of smectite-kaolinite group.
1987, 24(1):27-34.
Abstract:
Investigation on the composition and characteristics of humic substances in brown forest soils under three different vegetations was made.The results showed that the heighest content of humus was found in the soil under pure forest of Betula albo-sinensis Burk,the highest content of humic acid and HA/FA ratio were in the soil under pure forest of Quetcus liaotungensis Koidz; the contents of active humic acid in the soils under all the three forest vegetations were higher,bur the highest content was in the soil under the pure forest of Betula albo-sinensis Burk.
Investigation on the composition and characteristics of humic substances in brown forest soils under three different vegetations was made.The results showed that the heighest content of humus was found in the soil under pure forest of Betula albo-sinensis Burk,the highest content of humic acid and HA/FA ratio were in the soil under pure forest of Quetcus liaotungensis Koidz; the contents of active humic acid in the soils under all the three forest vegetations were higher,bur the highest content was in the soil under the pure forest of Betula albo-sinensis Burk.
1987, 24(1):35-42.
Abstract:
Paddy soils in the granitic area,basaltic area and the Pearl River Delta of South China were used in pot experiments,their potassium potential PK-1/2p(Ca+Mg),equilibrium potassium activity ratio AR0k labile or exchangeable potassium -ΔK0 and potential buffering capacity PBCk were determined according to Beckett's method.Correlation analysis was made between the data obtained and the grain yield and potassium uptake of rice of the first crop and the continuous four crops.
Paddy soils in the granitic area,basaltic area and the Pearl River Delta of South China were used in pot experiments,their potassium potential PK-1/2p(Ca+Mg),equilibrium potassium activity ratio AR0k labile or exchangeable potassium -ΔK0 and potential buffering capacity PBCk were determined according to Beckett's method.Correlation analysis was made between the data obtained and the grain yield and potassium uptake of rice of the first crop and the continuous four crops.
1987, 24(1):43-50.
Abstract:
In 1983-1984,field and pot experiments were conducted to study the interaction between boron and potassium in cotton nutrition.The main results obtained are summarized as follows:1.Boron and potassium significantly affected cotton yield and there was also a significant interaction between the effects of B and K on cotton yield.When B was severely deficient,potassium was negatively related to cotton yield and vice versa.2.Symptoms of B-deficiency were aggravated,while the B toxicity Sympotoms alleviated with increasing K content in the soil.
In 1983-1984,field and pot experiments were conducted to study the interaction between boron and potassium in cotton nutrition.The main results obtained are summarized as follows:1.Boron and potassium significantly affected cotton yield and there was also a significant interaction between the effects of B and K on cotton yield.When B was severely deficient,potassium was negatively related to cotton yield and vice versa.2.Symptoms of B-deficiency were aggravated,while the B toxicity Sympotoms alleviated with increasing K content in the soil.
8 STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF UREA SUPERGRANULE ON CORN AND THE FATE OF NITROGEN IN CALCAREOUS SANDY SOIL
1987, 24(1):51-58.
Abstract:
Present article deals with the effect of granulated urea in different sizes (powder,1.09 and 2.17g per granule) on the yield of corn grown on calcareous sandy soil derived from loessial deposits in Fenqiu County of Henan Province.Field experiments were conducted on plots of 14.0m×2.4m in,treatments (deep placement of granules of 2 sizes and powder,broadcasting of powder and control),and on microplots which were laid in each plot separated by a bottom less less square cylinder (50cm×40cm×40cm).15N-labelled urea was applied in microplots.In all the treatments,irrigation was carried on immediately after applying the fertilizer.
Present article deals with the effect of granulated urea in different sizes (powder,1.09 and 2.17g per granule) on the yield of corn grown on calcareous sandy soil derived from loessial deposits in Fenqiu County of Henan Province.Field experiments were conducted on plots of 14.0m×2.4m in,treatments (deep placement of granules of 2 sizes and powder,broadcasting of powder and control),and on microplots which were laid in each plot separated by a bottom less less square cylinder (50cm×40cm×40cm).15N-labelled urea was applied in microplots.In all the treatments,irrigation was carried on immediately after applying the fertilizer.
1987, 24(1):59-66.
Abstract:
The fitted multivaliate quadratic regression equation can better express the relation between nodulation and nitrogen fixation of alder and physical-chemical factor of the soils.The best mathematical model indicates that soil pH is the main factor affecting nitroge fixation amount.The associated effect of the available phosphorus with available potassium,the CO2 with organic matter,or the CO2 with available molybdenum is the secondary factor.Deficiency of the available phosphorus is the limitation to nitrogen fixation of the alder.The highest N2-fixing capacify of the symbiont occurs in the alluvial soil and yellow earth (except the calcareous parent material); and higher in the purplish soils on Shaximiao parent material,but low in strongly calcareous and acid purplish soil.
The fitted multivaliate quadratic regression equation can better express the relation between nodulation and nitrogen fixation of alder and physical-chemical factor of the soils.The best mathematical model indicates that soil pH is the main factor affecting nitroge fixation amount.The associated effect of the available phosphorus with available potassium,the CO2 with organic matter,or the CO2 with available molybdenum is the secondary factor.Deficiency of the available phosphorus is the limitation to nitrogen fixation of the alder.The highest N2-fixing capacify of the symbiont occurs in the alluvial soil and yellow earth (except the calcareous parent material); and higher in the purplish soils on Shaximiao parent material,but low in strongly calcareous and acid purplish soil.
1987, 24(1):67-76.
Abstract:
The reflectance curves (0.2-2.5 μm) of montmorillonite,halloysite,illite and vermiculite were measured before and after heating of the samples.The reflectance spectroscopic characters of the clay minerals mentioned above and their relation to the chemical composition of the clay minerals were studiel.The methods for identification of the main types and di- and trioctahedra of clay mineral and for distinguishing dominant clay minerals in soils according to the reflectance utrves of the soils are proposed.It is also suggested that the reflectance curves of soil profile can be used fir interpretation of the soil properties and its genetic characteristics.
The reflectance curves (0.2-2.5 μm) of montmorillonite,halloysite,illite and vermiculite were measured before and after heating of the samples.The reflectance spectroscopic characters of the clay minerals mentioned above and their relation to the chemical composition of the clay minerals were studiel.The methods for identification of the main types and di- and trioctahedra of clay mineral and for distinguishing dominant clay minerals in soils according to the reflectance utrves of the soils are proposed.It is also suggested that the reflectance curves of soil profile can be used fir interpretation of the soil properties and its genetic characteristics.
1987, 24(1):77-85.
Abstract:
The main genetic processes of the soils on north slope of Bogda mountain include humification,argillization,mentle of the mountain.calcification,relic salinization-alkalization and freezing-thawing of snow The soils is weak in weathering,and have the clay minerals being dourinated by illite,and a ratio of SiO2/R2O2 of 2.84-3.54 with less difference in whole profile.The vertical distribution of soils on the mountain are of the characters of vertical soil distribution pattern in temperas desert region.There exists distinct difference in vertical soil sequence between the west and east sections of the mountain; and there are no desert soil and alpine meadow soil in the vertical soil sequence of the east section of the mountain.
The main genetic processes of the soils on north slope of Bogda mountain include humification,argillization,mentle of the mountain.calcification,relic salinization-alkalization and freezing-thawing of snow The soils is weak in weathering,and have the clay minerals being dourinated by illite,and a ratio of SiO2/R2O2 of 2.84-3.54 with less difference in whole profile.The vertical distribution of soils on the mountain are of the characters of vertical soil distribution pattern in temperas desert region.There exists distinct difference in vertical soil sequence between the west and east sections of the mountain; and there are no desert soil and alpine meadow soil in the vertical soil sequence of the east section of the mountain.
1987, 24(1):86-93.
Abstract:
Study on the effects cropping systems of continuous corn,corn-soybean and corn-oat-clover,and fertilization on the properties of the soils was made on Morrow plots which are the earliest agronomic experiment station established in 1876 at Urbana,filinois in U.S.A.Continuous cropping of corn decreased the organic matter and total nitrogen contents of the soils by more than 50% and other nutrients in different amounts,and it also decreased the porosity,increased the bulk density and deteriorated the structure and water retention ability of the soils.While rotation of corn and other crops in combination with application of orgynic manure and chemical fertilizers were favorable for the improvement of chemical and physical properties of the soils and growth of crops and the increase of crop yields.
Study on the effects cropping systems of continuous corn,corn-soybean and corn-oat-clover,and fertilization on the properties of the soils was made on Morrow plots which are the earliest agronomic experiment station established in 1876 at Urbana,filinois in U.S.A.Continuous cropping of corn decreased the organic matter and total nitrogen contents of the soils by more than 50% and other nutrients in different amounts,and it also decreased the porosity,increased the bulk density and deteriorated the structure and water retention ability of the soils.While rotation of corn and other crops in combination with application of orgynic manure and chemical fertilizers were favorable for the improvement of chemical and physical properties of the soils and growth of crops and the increase of crop yields.
1987, 24(1):94-96.
Abstract:
近年来,很多学者对溶质在多孔介质中的运移机理做了详细研究.溶质在多孔介质中的运移是由孔隙中的对流以及溶质本身的热动力扩散引起的.水动力弥散是指溶质在多孔介质中的运移由两种作用引起,一是由于平均孔隙流速的宏观作用,二是由于各孔隙通道中流速分布相对于平均孔隙流速的不均匀性和溶质在运动过程中的热动力作用.
近年来,很多学者对溶质在多孔介质中的运移机理做了详细研究.溶质在多孔介质中的运移是由孔隙中的对流以及溶质本身的热动力扩散引起的.水动力弥散是指溶质在多孔介质中的运移由两种作用引起,一是由于平均孔隙流速的宏观作用,二是由于各孔隙通道中流速分布相对于平均孔隙流速的不均匀性和溶质在运动过程中的热动力作用.
