Abstract:【Objective】Mountain landslides alter pre-existing surface landscapes through intense material transport and deposition, severely disrupting long-developed soil horizons and thereby affecting post-disaster ecological recovery. However, the specific mechanisms involved in this process of horizon disruption remain poorly explored. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the effects of landslide material transport and deposition on soil genesis, profile development, and nutrient recovery. 【Method】Two typical landslide sites in mountainous Southwest China, with recovery periods of 8 years and approximately 30 years, were selected along with their respective natural control sites. Soil profile morphology and genetic horizons were described in the field, and soil samples were collected from each genetic horizon to determine selected physicochemical properties and nutrient contents. 【Result】The results showed that landslide material transport and deposition increased soil thickness in deposition zones and led to increased gravel content, a coarser particle-size distribution, and reorganization of soil horizons. In the deposition zone of the large landslide after 8 years of recovery, a weakly developed incipient horizon occurred below the surface horizon, and the soil was identified as belonging to Cambosols, whereas the natural control belongs to Primosols. The contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were all lower than those in the natural control, indicating that the early-stage deposition zone is still nutrient-poor. In the deposition zone of the small landslide after approximately 30 years of recovery, soil thickness was also greater than that of the natural control, and a buried horizon with relatively high contents of organic matter and several nutrients occurs in the middle part of the profile. Surface soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus recovered to 57.7%, 52.5%, and 35.7% of the corresponding values in the natural control, respectively, whereas available potassium reached 13.6% of the control value and remained a prominent limiting nutrient during recovery. 【Conclusion】Soil recovery in landslide deposition zones is jointly influenced by deposited material composition, soil horizon reorganization, surface organic matter accumulation, and limited nutrient availability. Natural recovery is a prolonged process and may have long-term implications for ecosystem restoration. Restoration measures should be implemented in stages according to the time since the landslide and the dominant limiting factors. These results provide a reference for soil recovery and ecological reconstruction of mountain landslide-affected sites.

Abstract:【Objective】Clustered interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas)-mediated gene editing technology has been widely applied in molecular plant breeding. However, the effects of genotypic variation induced by this technology on the structure and potential functions of soil bacterial communities constitute a central issue in environmental safety assessment. 【Method】The herbicide-resistant gene-edited rice SF24HI708, carrying mutations in the Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) gene and its parental cultivar Huanghuazhan (HHZ) were used as model plant materials. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was employed to characterize the structure and functional metabolic pathways of rhizosphere bacterial community at the tillering and heading stages. 【Result】Neither genotype nor growth stage significantly affected the α-diversity indices of rhizosphere bacterial communities, including the abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE), Chao 1, Shannon and Simpson indices. However, both factors significantly altered community composition. In both rice lines, the assembly patterns of rhizosphere bacterial communities at the tillering and heading stages was predominantly governed by stochastic processes, with drift and other processes each contributing ≥68%. Co-occurrence network analysis further revealed that the rhizosphere bacterial community associated with the gene-edited rice exhibited higher stability than that of the parental cultivar. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) functional analysis showed that, compared with the parental cultivar, the sphingolipid signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in the gene-edited rice at the tillering stage. At the heading stage, metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis and degradation of lipids and polysaccharides were significantly downregulated, whereas key pathways related to energy metabolism and substance transport were significantly upregulated.【Conclusion】Although gene-edited rice changed the composition and potential functional pathways of the rhizosphere bacterial community, it did not lead to decreased alpha diversity indexs or weakened community stability, indicating that its cultivation had no adverse effects on rhizosphere microecology.

Abstract:【Objective】Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is a key issue in global-change research. As the two most critical nutrients for plant growth, nitrogen and phosphorus (P) regulate ecosystem functioning; however, elevated N deposition intensifies N-P imbalance in P-limited subtropical forest soils, strongly altering soil N cycling.【Method】A three-year experiment was conducted in a subtropical moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantation to evaluate the effects of control (CK, 0 kg·hm-2· a-1), nitrogen addition (N, 120 kg·hm-2·a-1 (in terms of N, the same below) ), phosphorus addition (P, 120 kg·hm-2·a-1(in terms of P, the same below)), and combined N and P addition (NP, 120 kg·hm-2·a-1 + 120 kg·hm-2·a-1) on soil organic N mineralization across 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil depths.【Result】The results showed that: (1) The activities of soil enzymes responsible for C and N transformations were found to be generally reduced under N and NP treatments but increased under P treatment. A significant effect of soil depth was identified, revealing a pronounced decreasing trend in enzymatic activities with greater depth; (2) Overall, N treatment and NP treatment significantly reduced microbial biomass C and N (MBC, MBN) and dissolved organic C and N (DOC, DON) in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers, except for the P treatment reducing DOC and MBC in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Also, P treatment had a trend of increasing MBC, MBN, DOC, and DON in all soil layers. Soil depth significantly affected the content of soil active C and N, with both gradually decreasing as soil depth increased. (3) N and NP additions exerted an inhibitory effect on organic N mineralization, whereas P addition showed a stimulatory trend. However, CK, N, P, and NP treatment differences were not statistically significant. Soil depth strongly affected mineralization rates: net N mineralization in the 0-20 cm layer was significantly higher than in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers. No significant difference was detected between the 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers. (4) Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that nitrogen addition and soil layer effects indirectly inhibit organic N mineralization by reducing β-glucosidase (BG) and DON; P addition indirectly promotes organic N mineralization by increasing DON.【Conclusion】In summary, in the N-rich and P-limited soil of a subtropical Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo) forest, short-term (three-year) N addition alone (N treatment) and combined N and P addition (NP treatment) exhibit an inhibitory trend on soil organic N mineralization, whereas P addition alone (P treatment) shows a promoting trend. Considering the vertical mobility of inorganic N in subtropical forest soils, further attention should be paid to the long-term effects of N and P additions on soil N mineralization across different soil layers. By elucidating the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of soil organic N mineralization in response to N and P additions and soil depth in a moso bamboo forest, this study provides data support for understanding soil N transformation under N deposition.

Abstract:【Objective】The Laser Diffraction Method(LDM) has been increasingly adopted for determining Soil Particle Size Distribution(PSD) due to its rapid measurement speed, high degree of automation, and minimal labor requirement. These advantages make LDM particularly attractive for large-scale soil surveys, laboratory routine analysis, and studies requiring high-resolution particle-size information. Nevertheless, substantial discrepancies persist between PSD measured by LDM and that obtained from the traditional Sieve-Pipette Method(SPM), which remains the reference method in most national and international soil texture classification systems. These inconsistencies arise mainly from differences in measurement principles, contrasting assumptions regarding particle shape and density, the optical models used in LDM instruments, and the absence of unified sample pretreatment protocols. As a result, the direct use of LDM-derived PSD for soil texture classification often yields biased or inconsistent outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to: 1) comprehensively compare PSD measured by LDM and SPM for major soil types in the Black Soil Region(BSR) of Northeast China; and 2) develop and evaluate calibration models based on regression analysis and Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient(CCC) to convert LDM results into an SPM-compatible reference framework. 【Method】Soil samples representing 36 dominant soil series across the BSR, including black soil, chernozem, chestnut Soil, and aeolian Sandy Soil, were collected in the field. After air-drying, the samples were gently ground using a mortar and passed through a 2 mm sieve. PSD for each sample was determined using both LDM and SPM following their respective protocols. Differences in clay, silt, and sand fractions were quantified to characterize systematic deviations. Two calibration strategies were developed: one based on regression analysis, which establishes quantitative relationships between LDM and SPM values using linear regression models; and the other based on Lin’s CCC, which adjusts particle-size cutoff thresholds in LDM to maximize consistency with SPM and identify optimized boundary values for clay, silt, and sand. Model performance was evaluated based on reductions in mean absolute differences and improvements in soil texture classification accuracy using the USDA textural classification system. 【Result】1) Pronounced discrepancies were observed between LDM and SPM. Relative to SPM, LDM consistently underestimated clay content and substantially overestimated silt content across all soil types, whereas deviations in sand content varied depending on sample-specific characteristics. The mean absolute differences for clay, silt, and sand were -30.1%, 34.5%, and -4.4% respectively. 2) Following regression-based correction, the mean absolute differences decreased to 0.9%, 0.5%, and -1.4%, and the accuracy of soil texture classification improved markedly to 36.1%. 3) Lin’s CCC-based calibration further reduced the mean absolute differences to 1.3%, -3.4%, and 2.1%, yielding a classification accuracy of 38.9%. Although both calibration approaches substantially improved agreement between LDM and SPM, the regression-based method was more computationally efficient to apply in routine laboratory workflows. 【Conclusion】Uncorrected LDM-derived PSD is unsuitable for direct soil texture classification in the BSR. However, applying appropriate calibration models, whether regression-based or Lin’s CCC-based, effectively harmonizes LDM data with SPM reference values, significantly enhancing its reliability and practical utility. These findings offer a methodological foundation for integrating LDM into soil survey, monitoring, and classification programs, and provide valuable guidance for improving the comparability of PSD data obtained using different analytical techniques.

Abstract:【Objective】2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), a typical persistent organic pollutant, remains widely accumulated in soil due to its high stability, posing severe threats to the ecological security of soil. Magnetite can enhance the efficiency of extracellular electron transfer of microorganisms, and dithionite, as a reducing agent, may drive the chemical reductive dechlorination of DDT. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the effect and its mechanism of the interaction of nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) and Na2S2O4 on the anaerobic degradation of DDT in paddy soil. 【Method】A slurry anaerobic incubation experiment using hydragric Acrisols was designed by setting up the following eight treatments: (1) Unsterilized DDT-contaminated soil (CK), (2) Unsterilized DDT-contaminated soil+nano-Fe3O4 (Fe3O4), (3) Unsterilized DDT-contaminated soil+Na2S2O4 (Na2S2O4), (4) Unsterilized DDT-contaminated soil+nano-Fe3O4+Na2S2O4 (Fe3O4+Na2S2O4), (5) Sterilized DDT-contaminated soil (S-CK), (6) Sterilized DDT-contaminated soil+nano-Fe3O4 (S-Fe3O4), (7) Sterilized DDT-contaminated soil+Na2S2O4 (S-Na2S2O4), (8) Sterilized DDT-contaminated soil+nano-Fe3O4+Na2S2O4 (S-Fe3O4+Na2S2O4). During the anaerobic incubation period, dynamic changes of pH, Eh, adsorbed Fe(II), and dissolved Fe(II) in slurries were regularly monitored, and their correlation with DDT degradation dynamics was quantitatively analyzed to reveal the driving factors of reductive dechlorination.?【Result】Results showed that the anaerobic degradation rates of DDT for different treatments were Fe3O4+Na2S2O4 > S-Fe3O4+Na2S2O4 > Na2S2O4 > S-Na2S2O4 > Fe3O4 > CK > S-Fe3O4 ≈ S-CK. After 42 d of anaerobic incubation, the extractable residues of DDT decreased by 77.0%, 68.4%, 66.2%, 60.8%, 56.1%, 52.6%, 30.2%, and 29.4%, respectively, for the treatments of Fe3O4+Na2S2O4, S-Fe3O4+Na2S2O4, Na2S2O4, S-Na2S2O4, Fe3O4, CK, S-Fe3O4, and S-CK. The dominant degradation product of DDT was 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDD), with a small amount of 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and 1-chloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDMU). Soil microorganisms, nano-Fe3O4, and Na2S2O4 all significantly enhanced the anaerobic degradation of DDT, and the order of their effects was Na2S2O4 > soil microorganisms > nano-Fe3O4, but there was no significant interaction among the three factors. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between DDT residues and the contents of adsorbed Fe(II) in the reaction systems, indicating that adsorbed Fe(II) was the key factor driving the anaerobic degradation of DDT. 【Conclusion】In conclusion, the combined application of nano-Fe3O4 and Na2S2O4 under flooded anaerobic conditions can effectively accelerate the reductive dechlorination of DDT in soil, which is a feasible remediation strategy for soils contaminated with polychlorinated organic compounds.

Abstract:【Objective】Coal gangue dumps are commonly reclaimed through topsoil covering and artificial planting, yet stable vegetation remains difficult to establish in some reclaimed areas. Identifying the associated constraints is essential for facilitating ecological restoration. 【Method】Four coal gangue dumps reclaimed in 1990, 2005, 2012, and 2018 in Yangquan, Shanxi Province, were investigated. Well-vegetated and revegetation-limited sites within each dump were sampled in pairs. Topsoil physicochemical properties, structural stability, enzyme activities, bacterial abundance, and community composition were analyzed. Response ratios, grouped Mantel tests, and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) were used to identify stable indicators and potential pathways of vegetation limitation. 【Result】Sulfur accumulation and insufficient water and nutrient supply were the most prominent characteristics of vegetation-limited topsoil. In the revegetation-limited sites of the four reclamation years, total sulfur contents were 2.40, 3.63, 5.08, and 7.65 g?kg?1, and sulfate sulfur contents were 337.2, 528.8, 863.7, and 1 947 mg?kg?1, respectively. Bulk density in well-vegetated sites was significantly lower than that in revegetation-limited sites across all four reclamation years, indicating higher structural stability. Enzyme activities and bacterial alpha diversity showed unstable response directions, whereas 16S rRNA gene copy numbers were significantly higher in well-vegetated sites than in revegetation-limited sites across all four reclamation years, indicating that bacterial abundance showed a stable response to revegetation-status differentiation. Micrococcaceae was the dominant taxon in all sites. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed significant differentiation in bacterial community structure. Bacterial Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was most strongly correlated with sulfur-salinity constraints. Sulfur-salinity constraints had significant negative effects on water supply, nutrient supply, structural stability, and bacterial response. The PLS-PM further revealed correlations among topsoil limiting factors. 【Conclusion】Sulfur-salinity accumulation, structural compaction, insufficient water and nutrient supply, and reduced bacterial abundance jointly formed the topsoil barrier to revegetation establishment. Total sulfur, sulfate sulfur, bulk density, and 16S rRNA gene copy number can serve as priority diagnostic indicators. These findings provide a scientific basis for topsoil quality diagnosis and ecological restoration of coal gangue dumps.

Abstract:【Objective】Denitrification in agricultural soils is jointly regulated by the quantity and quality of organic carbon materials. This study aimed to reveal how organic materials of different quality affect denitrification-derived gaseous nitrogen (N) emissions and the N2O/(N2O+N2) product ratio in typical agricultural soils, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. 【Method】Paddy soil from a rice–wheat rotation field and greenhouse vegetable soil in the Taihu Lake region were collected as test soils, to which six types of exogenous organic carbon with contrasting C/N ratios were applied. The treatments include wheat (WS), rice (RS) and maize straw (MS) and their corresponding biochars (WSB, RSB, and MSB). In parallel, the respective straw- and biochar-derived leachates (LWS, LRS, LMS, LWSB, LRSB, and LMSB) were added, and a Robot automatic gas analysis system, qPCR and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were employed to quantify gaseous N emissions and the N2O/(N2O+N2) product ratio, denitrification functional genes, and the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the leachates.【Result】The results showed that, in paddy soil, both straw and biochar increased the abundances of nirS and nirK, leading to significantly higher cumulative N2O emissions and N2O/(N2O+N2) ratios. Their leachates similarly enhanced N2O production, with LMS showing the greatest increase of 242.4%. Straw and its leachates exhibited substantially higher (nirS+nirK)/nosZ ratios than biochar and its leachates, corresponding to higher N2O/(N2O+N2) ratios. In vegetable soil, straw and biochar also increased N2O emissions, and this effect was further pronounced when their leachates were applied. The LWS treatment showed the greatest cumulative N2O emission (268.57 mg kg?1) and an N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio of 0.87, attributable to high background NO3?-N, which suppressed nosZ abundance and N2O reduction. FT-ICR MS revealed that straw-leached dissolved organic matter (DOM) was dominated by recalcitrant lignin-like and condensed aromatic compounds, which accounted for 88.43%, 86.90% and 85.03% of the DOM molecular abundance in LWS, LRS and LMS, respectively. The increase in relative abundance of condensed aromatics and the aromaticity index (AImod) significantly (P < 0.05) increased both N2O emissions and the N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio. In contrast, biochar-leached DOM contained more labile lipid-like and protein/amino sugar-like compounds, and the relative abundance of protein/amino sugar molecules was positively associated with cumulative N2 emission (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】In summary, the qualitative properties of organic carbon inputs are a key determinant of denitrification rates and the partitioning of gaseous N products in agricultural soils. Therefore, optimizing organic material inputs to regulate the chemical composition of soil organic carbon, together with coordinated control of pH and NO3?-N levels, is critical for achieving high NO3?-N removal efficiency while minimizing the N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio. This, in turn, promotes the conversion of denitrification end-products toward N2, thereby facilitating reactive N mitigation and sustainable N cycling in agroecosystems.

Abstract:【Objective】This study aimed to the pedogenesis and spatial distribution of major soil types in the Warm Temperate Zone of China.【Method】Comprehensively considering factors such as topography, parent material, and land use pattern, 65 soil profiles were established and identified in Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province, Southeast China, of which, 11 typical soil profiles were selected and studied in depth. 【Result】 The results indicated that the main soil groups in Pizhou were Fluvisols, which were majorly distributed in the plain and accounted for approximately 68% of the total arable land, along with other soil groups with regional characteristics such as Cinnamon Soils, Brown Soils and Calcified Black Soils. Soil types exhibited a regular spatial distribution with topographic change, forming a soil subgroup spectrum of “Calcic (or neutral) Skeleton Soils, Podzolized Brown Soils, Eluviated Cinnamon Soils, Aquatic Cinnamon Soils, Calcified Black Soils, Brown Fluvisols, Yellow Fluvisols, and Saline Fluvisols”. Within the plains or hills, the spectra of soil families or species were also presented in accordance with micro-topographic undulation. 【Conclusion】In the low mountains and hills of Pizhou, as the tectonic movement is stable, the rocks have been exposed and weathered for a long time, which may have experienced warm and humid climates during the Pleistocene, forming red clay or red paleosol that served as the parent material for Cinnamon Soils and Brown Soils. The characteristics of clay accumulation, iron-manganese cementation and podzolization of the Brown Soils in Pizhou are inherited from the red paleosol. In contrast, the Fluvisols develop from modern river sediments and are of very young pedogenic age. The origin of the parent materials should be regarded as the starting point of soil genesis to facilitate a better understanding of the formation processes of various soils.

Abstract:【Objective】 This study aims to clarify the spatial distribution, characteristics, and multi-factor driving mechanisms of the albic horizon—a critical soil constraint layer in the Northeast Black Soil Region, which serves as China’s premier grain production base. The albic horizon, characterized by high bulk density, elevated hardness, and shallow burial depth, severely restricts plant root penetration and hydrological processes, hindering sustainable agricultural development in this strategically important region. 【Method】Taking the Northeast Black Soil Region as the research area, a soil profile dataset was constructed by integrating measured data from 5 field-investigated standard profiles and systematically compiled records from 776 historical survey profiles. Combined with 21 environmental covariates spanning 7 categories (including climate, topography, hydrology, and soil properties), a random forest (RF) machine learning model was applied to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution and characteristics of the albic horizon.【Result】The results showed that the albic horizon was mainly distributed in the Sanjiang Plain (covering Jiamusi, Shuangyashan, and Jixi), the northern foothills of the Changbai Mountains (including Mudanjiang, Hegang, and Harbin), and the central low mountain-hilly terrain of Jilin (encompassing Liaoyuan, Tonghua, and Yanbian), with a total predicted area of approximately 29,100 km2 (model Kappa coefficient=0.87, indicating excellent predictive accuracy). In terms of characteristics, the burial depth exhibited a distinct "deep northeast, shallow southwest" spatial gradient: deeper zones concentrated in the Sanjiang Plain interior and central Jilin hilly regions, while shallower zones occurred in the southern Wanda Mountain foothills and western Changbai Mountain foothills, with burial depths ranging from 13.44–38.29 cm. Thickness showed a "thicker central, thinner peripheral" pattern: thick layers mainly located in the eastern Songnen Plain and western Zhangguangcai Mountain foothills, while thinner layers? distributed along the southern Xiao Hinggan Mountain foothills and northern Liaoning Horqin Sandy Land margins, with thickness spanning 12.98–33.36 cm. Multivariate analysis identified key environmental drivers: climate-topography interactions primarily regulated burial depth, hydrology-geomorphology-biology synergies shaped thickness spatial patterns, and soil property-climate-topography interactions dominated albic horizon occurrence and distribution.【Conclusion】This study establishes a robust digital characterization framework for the albic horizon and accurately delineates its spatial distribution patterns alongside multi-factor driving mechanisms. The findings provide a scientific foundation for developing differentiated black soil conservation and restoration strategies, which hold profound implications for sustainable black soil resource utilization and regional food security assurance.

Abstract:【Objective】Understanding the water use patterns and dynamic changes of sand-fixing plants is crucial for scientifically guiding the sustainable development of artificial vegetation and the efficient use of water resources in desert ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions. However, in water-limited desert ecosystems, there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of the seasonal variation in water sources of different sand-fixing plants. This study was designed to examine the root water source and hydrological niche segregation of artificially restored plants in the Mu Us Sandy Land, aiming to provide scientific bases for the rational configuration of artificial vegetation and sustainable use of water resources in desert ecosystems.【Method】This study focused on three typical sand-fixing plants in the Gechougou catchment in the northeastern margin of the Mu Us Sandy Land, northwest China, including Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (P. sylvestris), Salix psammophila (S. psammophila), and Amygdalus pcdunculata Pall (A. pedunculata). The plant xylem water and their potential water sources (rainwater and soil water at different depths) were collected monthly during three consecutive growing seasons (May—October) of 2019—2021. δ²H and δ¹⁸O of xylem water were measured by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS; MAT253, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany) to mitigate interference from trace organic compounds. δ²H and δ¹⁸O of rainwater and extracted soil water were measured by Laser-Based Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer (LWIA; Picarro L2130i, USA). The vertical distribution of fine root (<2 mm) biomass and soil water content in each species stand were also determined. The MixSIAR model was used to quantitatively analyze the seasonal changes in plant water sources, and the proportional similarity index (PSI) was employed to quantify the degree of hydrological niche separation and overlap. 【Result】 Results indicated that the water use patterns of P. sylvestris, S. psammophila, and A. pedunculata exhibited significant seasonal variations. During the dry season, P. sylvestris and S. psammophila primarily absorbed water from the 120～300 cm soil layer (63.43±8.42% and 56.12±1.23%, respectively), while A. pedunculata mainly obtained water from 40～200 cm soil layer (54.00±4.16%). In the rainy season, all three species mainly absorbed water from the 0～120 cm soil layer (57.18±5.84%, 60.78±15.00%, and 60.43±6.80%, respectively). Compared with the dry season, P. sylvestris, S. psammophila, and A. pedunculata significantly increased their absorption of water from the 0–40 cm soil layer during the rainy season (P<0.05). The changes in water use patterns of different sand-fixing plants were closely related to their root vertical distribution and the seasonal variation of soil water availability. P. sylvestris and A. pedunculata exhibited relatively low hydrological niche overlap (PSI<0.75), suggesting minimal competition for the same water sources, making them suitable for interplanting. In contrast, P. sylvestris and S. psammophila showed very similar water use strategies throughout the growing season, displaying significant water competition. 【Conclusion】The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering species-specific water use patterns when planning vegetation restoration efforts. Specifically, our results support the idea of strategically interplanting species with complementary hydrological niches to enhance vegetation resilience, improve water use efficiency, and promote sustainable ecosystem restoration in arid and semi-arid desert regions.