In order to change the all year round water-logged single rice crop planting system to the rice and winter upland crop rotation system for the rice paddy soils in the Lishaho region of northern Kiangsu, it is necessary to make open ditches for good drainage, to use phosphatic fertilizers or straw ash for the first winter crop, and better to grow a winter green manure crop in the first autumn. Different green manure crops responded to the inoculation of nodule bacteria differently. Inoculation increased the yield of astragalus 2-10 folds, but it did not increase the yield of alfalfa (a kind of annual legume with yellow flower) and vetch. Inoculation seemed to be an indispensible treatment in the extension of Astragalus to a new area in this region. Most of the rice crops in the Lishaho region are harvested from the middle of August to early September. Green manure crops should be sown in the middle of September. In order to save labour and to get a good stand of green manure crops, seeding in hills instead of broadcasting the seeds is to be used in the unplowed fields of rice stubbles.