Factors related to the content of available Mo in soils of Anhui Province were investigated. Soils derived from siliceous shale and lacustrine sediments had the highest available Mo content, averaging 0.176 and 0.157 μg/g respectively; soils from the inundated deposits of the Yellow River, loess fossil lake deposits and purple sand stones had the lowest available Mo content, averaging 0.005-0.070 μg/g, with 90% of the soils below the critical value of 0.150μg/g soil. Available Mo content of 140 paddy soils were about 0.150 μg/g, but those of 81 upland soils below 0.100μg/g. Variation of 1Vjp content were found among various paddy soil types. Gleyed paddy soils contained apparently more available Mo than other paddy soils. The effect of P addition on soil available Mo content varied with the P rate, soil type, time, and cropping system. The shortage of soil available Mo due to long-term cropping was a serious problem in the agricultural production of Anhui Province, though it could be partly supplemented by returning crop residue to the fields. Extra fertilization of Mo is needed.