Modern agriculture,as a modernizing stage of agricultural development, is the inevitable developmental trend of,Gins's contemporary agriculture. The developmental orientation of the modern agriculture of China is to take the way of intensive agriculture, i.e.,to strengthen intensive management, to stabilize food grain production and to persist in sustainable development. Under the future circumstances when facing serious challenges of population, resources and the environment, modern agriculture must contribute to providing human beings with sufficient and healthy food and a clear environment. The main problems challenging the development of the modern agriculture of China currently result from the sustainable development of agriculture and the construction of ecological environment as well as their interactions. To solve the problems, four main concepts should be consolidated and adopted, four principal contradictions should be solved, four key countermeasures should be intensified and four main relations should be well dealt with. Only by conscientious implementation of these policies can china's modern agriculture be developed further, thus making modern agriculture play a greater role in promoting the development of agriculture and economy in China.