This is the second paper to study the fertility evolution of red soil derived from Quaternary red clay in low-hilly region in the middle subtropics from point of systematic view.The characteristics of soil chemical and biological fertility evolutions under various land use patterns were researched,then the evaluation indexes were selected with cluster analysis and their weight coefficients determined with factor analysis.Results showed that the chemical properties had dropped to the "Valley-bottom value" in forest and waste land systems without input.Soil chemical fertility in cultivated-land and garden systems increased with land reclamation and soil maturation process,the content of soil nutrient and exchangeable Ca and Mg raised,but exchangeable A1 dropped.The evolution of soil biological fertility was similar to that of soil chemical fertility.Similarly,the soil biological fertility in cultivated-land and garden systems increased with land reclamation and soil maturation process,it was shown by the raise of soil organic matter content,the improvement of humus quality,and the increase of microbe and activity of soil enzyme.The composition of exchangeable canon and the soil nutrient content can be used as the indexes to evaluate soil chemical fertility evolution,especially the former is more important.The changes of soil organic matter,humic acid,total amount of microbe,microbial biomass C,activity of urease and phosphatase reflected mainly the evolution of soil biological fertility.