Based on a 23year stationary field experiment on fertilization in red paddy soil,crop yield response to fertilization and its relationship with climate and soil fertility was probed.The experiment was designed to have six treatments,i.e.CK,N,NP,NK,NPK,and NKPM.Results show that changes in annual climate and its interaction caused significant variability of crop yield in all the six treatments,while the impact of changes in seasonal climate on crop yield varied between treatments,little in Treatments CK,NK and NPKM,but strong in Treatments N,NP and NPK.Soil fertility contributed stably to crop yield,at a rate ranging from 46.3% to 72.0%.With improvement of the fertilization recommendation,the six treatments fell into an increasing order of NPKMNPK>NK>NP>N in terms of crop response.Significant crop response to N fertilization lasted 17 years,and to Kfertilization 9 years,but no significant crop response to P fertilization was observed.Stability of the production decreased significantly in Treatments N,NP and NK.With the time going on the decline appeared in a linear curve and the three treatments were in the sequence of NP>N>NK in terms of decreasing rate.During the period from the 18th to 21years,their yields were close to or even lower than that Treatment CK.The production of rice,in both stability and yield,was raised significantly in Treatment NPK,where the crop response was more significant when organic manure was used to replace part of the N fertilizer.