Effects of complex heavy metal pollution on biomass and community structure of soil microbes in paddy soil were studied with the aid of the chloroform fumigation-extraction,diluted agar plate cultivation and phospholip idfatty acid(PLFA) techniques,using soil samples collected from paddy fields in the vicinity of a small smeltery in Fuyang County,Zhejiang Province.Results show that soil microbial biomass was reduced in paddy fields polluted by Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb together.Soil microbial community structure was also affected by complex pollution and about 41.82% of the change was attributed to the pollution.Soils high in heavy metal pollution were dominated with microbes high in fatty acids of 12:0,i15:0,i17:0,18:0,i16:0 and 19:0,while soils low in heavy metal pollution with microbes high in fatty acids of 20:ω6,9c,20:0,16:1ω9c,a15:0,a16:0,18:1ω7,10Me16:0 and 10Me19:01.With pollution rising in degree,soil microbes decreased in C_mic/N_mic,fungi increased relatively,and the amount of actinomyce and G-bacteria decreased relatively.