With the aid of polarizing microscope and Sisc Ias V8.0 software, micromorphological features of the soils from typical farmland and a Chinese prickly ash plantation in the East Guanzhong region were observed and analyzed. Results show that the two sampling sites had the same soil profile structure, Ap1-Ap2-BC, and their fractions of coarse granule minerals were dominated with quartz and feldspar In comparison with the former, the latter was higher in content of organic matter, C/F_{(10 μm)} ratio, content of residual clay and amorphous iron, but lower in the trend of coarse particles becoming round and small, which indicates that the effect of “grain for green” is not significant on soil profile structure or mineral composition, but great on soil micromorphology. The soil in the Chinese prickly ash forest plantation is more capable of absorbing and reserve moisture, and tends to have higher organic matter.