Influence of antecedent soil moisture content on features of soil aggregates of a typical black soil farmland in Northeast China compacted mechanically was investigated by analyzing distribution of dry and waterstable soil aggregates, percentage of aggregate disruption (PAD_0.25), fractal dimension (D), mean weight diameter (MWD), mean weight soil specific area (MWSSA). Results show that dry aggregates over 2 mm were predominant in the black soil and the proportion of waterstable aggregates was increasing with declining particle size. Composition profile and fractal character of soil aggregates of compacted black soil were obviously affected by its previous soil moisture content. When soil moisture content was low, mechanical compaction promoted aggregation to a certain extent, but accumulated compaction of repeated mechanical operations with equal load reduced water stability and mechanical stability of the soil However, when soil moisture content was high, mechanical operations were relatively more liable to create negative effect on soil aggregation in black soil, e.g. aggravating destruction, inhibiting aggregation, reducing their water stability and mechanical stability. Moreover, it was also discovered that MWSSA had extremely significant linear relationships with PA_0.25, MWD, D and PAD_0.25, so MWSSA could also be cited an effective index in analyzing and studying soil aggregates. The findings may serve as theoretical basis for scientifically guiding operation of heavy machinery.