Using conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, water content and composition and content of soluble salts at different positions in a simulated archeological site in the Shaanxi Normal University were determined. Results show that calcium sulfate and sodium sulfate were the mainly soluble salts, and moved vertically and horizontally along with soil water towards the surface of the site and finally accumulated in the surface soil. The destructive effect of soluble salts on soil structure of the site was analyzed with the aid of XRD, SEM and 3DSDDM. It was found that as a result of the accumulation in the surface soil, soluble salts formed a huge stress in soil pores, thus reducing the cohesion between soil particles, widening the distance between them, and eventually making the surface soil white and loose. When worse comes to the worst, the soil got too loose and broke off. The findings in this research can be used as scientific basis for control of salt damage to the site and are of great theoretical studies and practical to the protection of archeological sites and historic relics.