The study of characteristics of soil bidirectional reflection is not only essential to inversion of land surface temperature and albedo, but also of great significance to the development of quantitative remote sensing and soil remote sensing technology per se, and the characteristics are the background factors that must be taken into account in the study on remote sensing of global land-cover The directional distribution of soil reflectance contains information on structure, particle size distribution and roughness of the surface soil and potentially some additional information on soil composition, e.g. soil water and organic matter content. Based on indoor measurement of bidirectional spectral reflectances of three different types of soils (i.e. red soil, paddy soil and coastal saline soil) different in moisture content, variation of the reflectance with observation angle in the visible light and near infrared bands was analyzed for law It was found that soil bidirectional reflectance increased with increasing observation zenith angle regardless of observation azimuth, because the shadow which is formed by soil grains obscuring each other in the field of view decreased as the observation angle increases. Soil bidirectional reflectance is azimuthally symmetric in the perpendicular plane, and the reflectance is the highest in the backscattering direction, because the shadow observed was the lowest due to the fact that the observer and the illuminator are in the same direction and most of the soil grains irradiate directly. Contrarily, the reflectance is the lowest in the forward scattering direction because of the increasing shadow in the field of view. Bidirectional reflectance of soils different in surface moisture content was simulated well with the Hapke’s model, which is derived from the radiative transfer theory. Moreover, inversion of the major parameters of the Hapke’s model was performed based on the measured soil bidirectional reflectances, and effect of soil moisture on the reflectance was studied. Results show that single scattering albedo（SSA）increases with the declining soil moisture, but is independent of the conditions at the time of observation. The findings of the study may be used a scientific basis for inversion of soil moisture content with the single scattering albedo.