Soil salinization is one of the primary environmental problems, which affects sustainable development of the windbreak forest belts alongside the Tarim Desert Highway. In order to study soil salinization caused by irrigation with saline water of the windbreak forest belts along the Highway since their establishment, distribution of soil salts under the forest belts was investigated. By utilizing the data collected during the soil salt survey before the establishment of the forest belts, the methods of statistical analysis, correlation analysis and grey relational analysis were adopted in the primary study of soil salt ions, status quo of soil salinization and its driving force in the 40 monitoring posts distributed alongside the highway. Results show that after the establishment of the windbreak forest belts, the contents of various salt ions increased significantly in the soil, with cations showing a decreasing order of Na⁺+K⁺＞Mg²⁺＞Ca²⁺in content and anions one of Cl^-＞CO₃^2-＞SO₄^2-＞HCO₃^-. Soil salinization in the forest belts was dominated by Chloride and Sulfate-chloride, which accounted for 84.2% and 15.8%, respectively, of the monitoring posts. About 81.6% of the monitoring posts reported moderate soil salinization. The grey relational analysis reveals that irrigation history is the major driving force of soil salinization in the forest belts and is then followed by mineralization, pH and water table of the grounderwater.