Development of scale pig farming and its impacts on circumjacent soil and water environment in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, a red soil hilly region typical of South China were selected for case study. It was found that the county had 389 scale pig farms, turning out a total of 7.32×10⁵ heads in 2011. Of the pig farms, 50.6% had an annual production capacity of 1 000~5 000 heads each. These pig farms were mainly distributed in the low-hilly areas in the center and south of Yujiang County, particularly alongside State Highway No.320. They turned out annually a total of 2.96×10⁵ t, 4.64×10⁵t and 1.09×10⁶ t of pig dung, urine and wastewater, respectively, with which a total of 1.96×10⁴ t, 3.27×10³ t, 1.25×10³ t, 50 t and 116 t of COD, N, P, Cu, and Zn, respectively, was discharged annually as pollutants. On such a basis this county is estimated to have 1.1 million heads of pigs, which may produce annually a total of 4.47×10⁵ t, 7.00×10⁵ t and 1.09×10⁶ t of dung, urine and wastewater, respectively, with which a total of 2.96×10⁴t, 4.94×10³ t, 1.89×10³ t, 76 t and 176 t of COD, N, P, Cu and Zn is discharged, respectively. Sampling analysis shows that 90.9% of the ponds and 66.6% of the reservoirs and 50% of the rivers in their surroundings are in Sub-Grade V in water quality largely due to total nitrogen beyond the limit, and the soils nearby were badly unbalanced, with available P over-accumulated and heavy metals like Cu and Zn significantly accumulated. It is therefore essential to strengthen planning in development of pig farming in the region, and intensify research on technologies for deharming and recycling of pig dung, urine and wastewater, hence to promote healthy development of scale pig farming and environment protection in red soil hilly areas of South China.