A total of 69 soil profiles typical of the Jianghan Plain were collected, identified and classified in line with the “Keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST)(3rd ed.)”, and their diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics were determined, and their attributes in the taxonomy defined. They were sorted into 5 Orders, 5 Suborders, 8 Groups and 18 Subgroups. Besides, influences of soil parent material, topography and human activities on attributes, spatial distribution and evolution of the soils were discussed. Results show that the CST system reflects properly relationships of distribution of soil types with spatial variation of its influencing factors, such as parent material, topography and human activities, which has provided some practical examples for further perfecting the soil taxonomy.