Effects of long-term amendment with passivant and zinc fertilizeron cadmium reduction in tobacco growing in a Cd contaminated field
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    Abstract:

    With rapid industrialization and urbanization in progress over the recent decade in China, the issue of Cd contamination of agricultural soils has become more and more serious. According to the surveys and statistics available that show about 7% of the agricultural soils have already exceeded the National Standard for Environmental Quality in Cd contamination and relative to other heavy metals and metalloids, cadmium (Cd) should be deem as an element of the first priority for control. Besides, tobacco is a high Cd accumulator, storing Cd mainly in its leaves, which, if consumed by chronical smokers, would leave Cd accumulated in their bodies. Therefore how to decrease Cd content in tobacco plant, especially in its leaves, has been a hot topic in the fields of tobacco industry and public health. In a three-year field plot experiment, red mud and/or plant straw was amended in addition, or not, to Zn fertilization to explore its long-term effect on Cd in-situ immobilization in the soil and Cd accumulation in tobacco plant, so as to find a best way to reduce cadmium contentin tobacco growing in contaminated soils. The experiment was designed to have five treatments in terms of amendment (red mud, rape straw, corn straw, red mud plus rape straw, and red mud plus corn straw) and two levels of Zn fertilization. The soil in the experiment was artificially contaminated with 1.5 mgkg-1cadmium added to the soil. Results show that compared with control, the yield of tobacco leaves and the ratio of mid-high grade leavesin amendment treatments were significantly increased by 2.6% ~ 32.3% and 2.9% ~ 20.2%, respectively, which brought about an increase in economicbenefit by 6.6% ~ 31.3%. Among the treatments, the amendment of red mud plus rape straw was found to be the highest in both yield and economic benefit. The amendments stably decreased soil available Cdcontents by 18.6%~47.4% in 2012, and 16.0%~27.0% in 2013. The plants from the treatment were found to follow an order, i.e. bottom leaf > middle leaf and upper leaf > stem in terms of Cd content in plant. The contents of Cd in tobacco were most positively related to soil available Cd content. Therefore, the Cd contentin tobacco leaves in 2011, 2012 and 2013 decreased by 28.3%, 28.1% and 15.2% on average, respectively in all the amendment treatments. The effect was the most apparent in bottom leaves and the least in stem. Rape straw,full of thiols, was higher in Cd immobilization capacity than corn straw. Application of zinc fertilizer in addition to the amendments further significantly lowered Cdcontent in different parts of the tobacco plant at different seasons. In conclusion, the treatment of red mud, rape straw plus zinc fertilizer is the most effective one in this experiment to decrease Cd phytoavailability in soil-tobacco system. Therefore it can be extrapolated as a high cost-efficient measure to decrease Cd content in tobacco plants and increase yield of tobacco leaves in lightly Cd contaminated soils.

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Cao Chenliang, Wang Wei, Ma Yibing, Li Jumei, Wei Dongpu, Liu Haiwei, Shi Yi. Effects of long-term amendment with passivant and zinc fertilizeron cadmium reduction in tobacco growing in a Cd contaminated field[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(3):628-636.

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History
  • Received:June 05,2014
  • Revised:November 02,2014
  • Adopted:January 23,2015
  • Online: March 02,2015
  • Published: