Six counties, typical of Henan and Jiangsu are selected in a case study on application of the spatial grain size method on a 1 km×1 km grid scale to exploration of soil diversity of dominant and rare soil families (DSF and RSF), type of grain size effects on MSHDAI and MSHDLI, and grain size effects on correlativity and correlations between the four indices and their stabilities. In terms of soil diversity, soil families, the highest in diversity index and in soil patch area as well are deemed as dominant ones. Counties dominated with plains in terrain are the lowest in number of soil families, while those dominated with hills are the highest. For instance, in Rugao County, the water network, being too high in density, plays a unique role in the study on correlativity between pedodiversity and surface water body diversity. With rising spatial grain size, the grain size effects on both DSF and of RSF fall basically into the type of "non-responsive", suggesting that the two indices are not sensitive to changes in spatial grain size, or that they are relatively stable. However, when RSF is located at the edge of the study area, soil patches change in shape with grain size, which in turn affects stability of the pedodiversity. In the research of surface water body diversity, the effects of grain size on MSHDAI and MSHDLI are both of the "declining type". In the study areas, regardless of research period, the relationships in terms of scale effect between MSHDLI and MSHDAI and between their means are all polynomial functions, which indicates that as time goes on, changes of the water bodies in either area or shape do not affect the fitted functional relationship between the two indices. With rising spatial grain size, the correlations between pedodiversity and the surface water body diversity exist in two types, “stable type” (including unchanged significant positive correlationship, unchanged significant negative correlationship and unchanged non-existence of significant correlationship) and “unstable type”. To sum up, of the six counties under study, Xiangcheng of Henan and Wujiang of Jiangsu are the most stable ones, which is attributed to their plain-dominated terrains, while Linzhou and Gushi of Henan and Lishui of Jiangsu are unstable ones, which is attributed to their hill-dominated terrain. Rugao, owing to its high water network density does not show any correlation between pedodiversity and surface water body diversity. It should be pointed out that the distribution of planar lakes in the southwest of Lishui is contributing to a certain extent, to the instability of the correlation, which might be associated with the setting of width and diversity index of lakes. So more efforts should be made in futuring research in this field. The study on effects of grain size on correlation coefficient of related indices in Xiangcheng and Wujiang reveals that in Xiangcheng exists a significant positive correlation between RSF with MSHDAI, and a significant negative one between DSF and MSHDAI and between DSF and MSHDLI, whereas in Wujiang exist significant positive correlations between DSF and MSHDAI and between DSF and MSHDLI. The correlation curve of the correlation coefficients of the two counties remains essentially unchanged, which shows that the soils and surface water bodies are well correlated in the two counties, regardless of regions. Results show that for the effects of grain size of the dominant soil family and rare soil family are basically of the type of "non-responsive", and with rising grain size, the RSF located at the edge of the study area, declines in stability of pedodiversity; The effects of grain size on MSHDLI and MSHDAI are of the type of “Decining”, and when the relationship between the two or their means in scale effect fits the polynomial function, the fitting peaks in degree. During 2000 ~ 2013, the correlations between the indices of pedodiversity and the surface water body diversity in Xiangcheng and Wujiang were of the “Stable type” encompassing both positive and negative ones and never underwent any substantial changes, so they were quite stable while the correlations in Linzhou, Gushi and Lishui were so stable and that in Rugao was almost nil due to its highly dense water network. Therefore, it is quite clear that terrain, shape and density of the water bodies and human activities are the major factors affecting the correlationship between pedodiversity and surface water body diversity.