【Objective】In recent years, the issue of influences of human activities on soil development has been drawing more and more attention, however, present researches are main focused on impacts of modern cultivation and urban activities on soil, with little attention to those of ancient human activities on soil. As a matter of fact, ancient human activities have left so many traces in the soil that it is feasible to expose the influence of ancient human activities on soil genesis and development, and intensity and range of the activities through pedological researches and hence to provide archaeologists with certain scientific basis in their work. 【Method】In this paper, two soil profiles in the Yangshao Village cultural relic site of Henan Province, one containing obvious evidence of ancient human activities (cultural profile in short) and the other free of any ancient human disturbance (natural profile in short), were chosen for comparison. By referring to the method for studying genetic features of paleosol and the means of explore for charcoal grains that may indicate intensity of ancient human activities this paper focused on analysis of the two profiles for comparison in content of various oxides and soil weathering and development indices, Sa, Saf and ba, and hence for influences of ancient human activities on soil formation and development. 【Result】Results show that ancient human activities varied in influence on migration and accumulation of various oxides. In the ash layer formed by ancient human using fire, the number of charcoal grains was the highest, reaching 238,153 pcs g^-1，which was about 12.35 times the maximum in the natural profile, thus leading to relatively lower SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, K₂O, MgO and Na₂O contents, or down to the minimum, while bringing the contents of CaO and MnO up to the maximum, which indicates that the use of fire by the ancient human beings generated a great deal of materials abundant in Ca and Mn. In the cultural layer formed by living of ancient humans, all oxides expect SiO₂, came to the maximum or peak, which indicates that the living of ancient humans facilitated accumulation of various oxides. As the ash and cultural layers were formed with foreign objects that were brought in by ancient human activities, they were no long ordinary soils, so in comparing the two profiles in soil weathering and development indices, it is necessary to rule out the two layers. 【Conclusion】It was found that the cultural profile was on the whole higher than the natural profile in soil weathering and development indices, which indicates that the use of fire and living activities of ancient human beings inhibited soil weathering processes. Besides, the two profiles were more or less the same in content of oxides, which indicates that ancient human activities did not affect much contents of various oxides in the soil. However, the comparison of the two profiles in variation of the contents of oxides reveals that in the cultural profile, except for the ash and cultural layers, the fluctuation of the content of various oxides in all the other layers was less in frequency and magnitude than that in the natural profile, particularly in the subsoil layer, which indicates that the use of fire by ancient human beings inhibited downward transportation and accumulation of various elements, thus keeping the subsoil in a relatively enclosed environment. Meanwhile, the fluctuation of the soil weathering and development indices in value was also less in frequency and magnitude in all the other layers of the cultural profile than that of the natural profile, especially the index of ba. The assumption that the use of fire and living activities of ancient human beings impeded weathering of the subsoil further confirms the above conclusion.