【Objective】The study was oriented to explore characteristics of phosphate-dissolving microbial (PDM) in peanut rhizosphere dissolving Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (Ca-P), FePO₄ (Fe-P) and AlPO₄ (Al-P) as affected by fertilization in a 28-year long-term fertilization field experiment designed to have three fertilization treatments, i.e. NPK (pure chemical fertilizer-NPK), NPKM (combined fertilization of chemical fertilizer and pig manure) and NPKS (combined fertilization of chemical fertilizer and rice straw) in the red soil region. 【Method】Soil samples were collected from the three treatments of the long-term field experiment for preparation of soil suspensions with NBRIP (National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate) (containing 10 g L^-1 glucose, 2.5 g L^-1 MgCl₂, 0.25 g L^-1 MgSO₄.7H₂O, 0.2 g L^-1 KCl, 1 g L^-1 (NH₄)₂SO₄, 15 g L^-1 agar, pH 7.0, and 5 g L^-1 Ca₃(PO₄)₂ for the Ca–P test, 4.86 g L^-1 FePO₄ for the Fe–P test, and 3.93 g L^-1 AlPO₄ for the Al–P test), separately. Then the suspensions were incubated in lab and analyzed for variation of available phosphorus (AP) in and pH of the suspensions relative to treatment of the long-term fertilization experiment. In the experiment field of acidic soil, N, P and K was applied at a rate of 110 kg hm^-2, 29 kg hm^-2, 142 kg hm^-2 in the form of urea, (NH₄)₂HPO₄ and KCl, respectively, and combined fertilization was done at a ratio of 7:3 on N input basis (chemical fertilizer and composted pig manure or straw). Each fertilization treatment had three replicates, 34.6 cm² in plot size. The plots were laid out randomly and separated with cement boards (20 cm above ground, 30 cm below ground). 【Result】Results show that the treatments of combined fertilization stimulated propagation of PDM. In Treatments NPKM of the Ca-P and Fe-P types, PDM was 6.15 and 5.80 log (cfu g^-1 dry soil) in density, respectively, higher than in all the other treatments. Among the treatments, Treatment NPKM was the highest in phosphorus solubilizing capacity and reached up to 221.8 mg kg^-1 in Fe-P and 205.5 mg kg^-1 in Al-P, or 134.6%~144.6% and 10.48%~153.2% higher than that in the other two treatments after 3 and 5 days of incubation, while Treatment NPKS was unique in ability to dissolve Ca-P, which was 21.33% and 24.57% higher than that in Treatment NPKM and NPK. Comparing to a single strain of bacteria, PDM did not show any absolute advantages, but it did reflect the real phosphate-dissolving effect under complicated field conditions and the effects of different fertilization treatments on phosphate-dissolving bacteria groups.【Conclusion】 Therefore, it is found that long-term combined fertilization is more capable of stimulating propagation of PDM groups and hence dissolving more inorganic phosphorus in peanut rhizosphere soil. Consequently, soil P supply is improved and biomass/yield of peanut raised.