【Objective】The subject of how to construct landscape water bodies for reshaping living environment is getting increasingly popular among scholars. However, most landscape water bodies are closed or semi-closed catchments and easy to get polluted by external pollutants from agricultural wastewater, ornamental fish excretion, and atmospheric sedimentation and eventually eutrophied. Often in those eutrophied landscape water bodies harmful algal blooms, fish kills, and many other related problems occur. The primary cause of landscape water eutrophication is the excess of N and P in the water body. Thus, reduction of N and P in the water body is the key to control of landscape water eutrophication. 【Method】Samples of three kinds of purple parent rocks (Peng-lai-zhen Formation (J3p), Fei-xian-guan Formation (T1f), and Sui-ning Formation (J3s)), which are widely distributed in Chongqing, were collected and used as substrate or super stratum in a simulation experiment to explore effects of the purple parent rocks on landscape water purification. Isothermal adsorption tests were conducted to determine physical adsorption abilities of the purple parent rocks, separately. Microbial community structure of each treatment system was analyzed with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA). 【Result】The following findings were obtained. The three kinds of purple parent rocks, when used as substrate, varied in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removing efficiency, with J3p in the lead. However, when used as substratum, they effectively inhibited sediments from releasing TN and TP but to a similar extent. The isothermal adsorption tests show that TN adsorptions on the three kinds of purple parent rocks were all in the form of monolayer adsorption and surface adsorption, and TP adsorptions mainly in the monolayer adsorption. Among them, J3p was the highest in physical adsorption capacity and its maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of TN and TP reached 0.259 mg·g^-1 and 0.619 mg·g^-1, respectively. The use of the purple parent rocks as either substrate or cover material altered the microbial community structures of their respective treatment systems. Compared with CK, T1f and J3s as substrate promoted significantly growth of the bacteria, fungi and protozoa in the landscape water, while J3p did little the growth of water microorganisms. Used as cover material, all the purple parent rocks promoted markedly growth of the bacteria in the water and sediment, but varied in the effect on fungi in the water and sediment. At the same time, number of the bacteria (labeled as PLFA18:0) in the matrix treatment system was significantly and positively related to the content of total nitrogen in the overlying water, while numbers of the bacteria (labeled as PLFA16:0) in the overlay treatment system was significantly and negatively related to the content of total phosphorus in the overlying water. Moreover, the rocks also varied in release of trace elements. J3p released more Ca, K, Cu, Mn and Mo than T1f and J3s did 【Conclusion】All the findings demonstrate that application of Peng-lai-zhen Formation purple parent rock as substrate or barrier material could effectively control both nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions in landscape water, which is attributed to its high physical adsorption capacity. Furthermore, releasing of trace element from purple parent rock during the treatment process could alter microbial community structure of the system, and hence affect removal of TN and TP from the system.