Soil chemistry is an important and fundamental branch of soil science. On the basis of providing a historical overview of the progress of soil chemistry, this review exclusively summarized the most striking achievements in four innovative topics of soil chemistry and followed by analyzing the future research opportunities in soil chemistry with particularly emphasizing multidisciplinary coordination. The study of soil chemistry originated from observing the ability of soils to exchange ions and evolved to the direction of soil electrochemistry, rhizosphere/soil chemistry, interfacial processes of soil minerals, organic matters, and microorganisms that have been gradually led by China. Being the center of the community of this new era, China has particularly made an immense breakthrough in intercrossing soil chemistry with microbiology, geochemistry, mineralogy, and environmental chemistry. Moreover, the innovation of in-situ, real-time, and high-resolved analytical techniques including synchrotron radiation-based spectroscopy, microfluidic modulation spectroscopy, high-resolution microscopy, and spectroelectrochemistry, has remarkably advanced the progress of soil chemistry. There are three key aspects determining the destiny of soil chemistry in the coming decade: 1) explore the soil chemistry mechanism in the matter cycles and energy exchange in the Earth surface system, to achieve an original breakthrough from “0 to 1” in soil chemistry; 2) on the basis of the Earth surface theory, the exploration of the mechanisms of biogeochemical cycles and energy exchange in the complex system is likely by the coupling of multi-interfaces, elements, and processes, and a breakthrough toward originality in soil chemistry can be expected; 3) finally and also importantly, future research in soil chemistry should be built upon the national needs and priorities for constructing ecological civilization, battling for soil pollution and global change.