With advanced categories of the Chinese Soil Taxonomy established, focus of the research has been shifted to basic categories in recent years. As one of the major soil orders in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy, Argosols in Henan Province includes some quite different soil types according to the diagnostic criteria. A total of 8 typical soil profiles were selected and their landscape features, morphogenetic descriptions, physical and chemical data were analyzed and their positions in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy defined. Results indicate that the 8 soils could be sorted into 6 soil families, which are Loam mixed calcareous mesic Typic Hapli-Ustic Argosols, Loam mixed nonacid mesic Mottlic Hapli-Udic Argosols, Clay loam mixed mesic Mottlic Calci-Ustic Argosols, Clay loam mixed mesic Typic Calci-Ustic Argosols, Loam mixed calcareous mesic Typic Hapli-Udic Argosols and Loam mixed nonacid mesic Typic Hapli-Udic Argosols. On such a basis and in the light of the rules for soil series division and diagnostic features and structural characteristics of Argosols in Henan, attempts were made to set forth a logic diagram for reference and retrieval of soil series to illustrate the logical processes involved in reference and division of soil series. Through reference, the typical soils, with the 8 soil profiles as representatives, are sorted into 7 soil series, that is, Tangyin Series, Jishui Series, Shengou Series, Shangzhuang Series, Houji Series, Zaolin Series and Shangdian Series.