A field experiment was conducted to study effects of slow-release compound fertilizer on yield and quality of eggplant relative to timing of harvest. The study is of some great theoretical and practical significance to application of slow-release compound fertilizer in production of solanaceous vegetable. Harvests of eggplants throughout the entire harvesting period were recorded and samples of eggplants were collected 3 times during the harvesting period for determination of nutritional quality (vitamin C, amino acid and soluble sugar), hygienic quality (nitrate) and health quality (flavonoids, rutin and solanine) of the eggplant. Results show that slow-release compound fertilizer (Treatments SRF) increased the yield of eggplant by 3.5%～29.1% and 3.7%～24.8% compared to chemical fertilizer (Treatment CF) and common compound fertilizer (Treatment CCF). In terms of yield level, the treatments were in the sequence of SRF1 ＞SRF4 ＞ SRF2 ＞ SRF3 ＞ CCF ＞ CF. Besides, the treatments also significantly increased the content of vitamin C, amino acid and soluble sugar in the fruits harvested at the late full fruiting stage and Treatment SRF3 significantly lowered the content of nitrate in the fruits harvest at the mid and late full fruiting stage compared to Treatment CF and Treatment CCF. As to health quality, Treatments SRF significantly increased the content of rutin by 10.0%～24.0% and 10.0%～50.0% in the fruits harvest at the mid and late fully fruiting stages, and lowered the content of solanine by 33.9%～47.7%, 36.8%～49.0% and 18.7%～35.4% in the fruits harvested at all the full fruiting stage. The effects of Treatments SRF1 and SRF2 were the highest. Among the three SRF treatments, Treatment SRF1 was the best in terms of yield and quality of eggplants, and followed by Treatment SRF2, while in terms of yield/efficiency of the crop, Treatment SRF2 was No. 1.